A weapon against obesity and diabetes

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. © Mallinaltzin, License Creative Commons

A weapon against obesity and diabetes

To conduct the study, the scientists examined the effects on obese mice of several apple varieties, including Braeburn, Fuji, Gala's, Golden, McIntosh and Red Delicious (all American while there are many other varieties on the planet). It is the green Granny Smith apple that had the highest rates of the compounds mentioned above.
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The researchers emphasize that their findings could prevent many health problems associated with obesity , such as the first signs of diabetes can be reduced by compounds anti-inflammatory of the intestinal flora present in the colon .

"The food we eat determines the balance of the intestinal flora" , said Giuliana Noratto, adding that non-assimilable compounds present in apples even change the composition of bacteria feces of obese mice and make them comparable to mice of normal weight.

The interface will adapt to terminals

The icons or charms bar (right on the picture) bar was one of the new Windows 8 ergonomic proposal that does not meet the membership of users.  According to the latest rumors, it could disappear in the next version of the OS.  © Microsoft

The interface will adapt to terminals

This new Windows, which carries the currently codenamed Threshold ( threshold in English ), should bring many new features and adjustments for Grievance users. Starting with the return of the Start menu is already confirmed by Microsoft. It will adopt a format hybrid , combining the installed programs list in the right column and customizable dynamic tile in the left column. A first image of the new Start menu has recently appeared on the Internet via the forum My Digital Life.

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Another change is granted, the ability to make applications of modern classic interface in the environment turn Bureau. But more importantly, Windows Threshold would be able to adapt according to the terminal on which it is installed. This was revealed journalist ZDNEt.com Mary Jo Foley, Microsoft recognized specialist. On a PC with mouse and keyboard, the OS will run by default on the Windows desktop. On a tablet touch is modern interface will load. Something for everyone and especially Microsoft reconcile with its installed base that has still a majority of PC users ...

Threshold may hold yet more surprises. The latest revelations Site WinBeta , the toolbar (called charms bar in English) could simply disappear. The features of this menu on the right side of the window in Windows 8 will be integrated directly into the Windows interface of modern applications. Another rumor, this time reported by Neowin , on the introduction of virtual desktops through which users can run their applications in different areas while having a unified view. A novelty which really would not be an option since it already exists on Mac OS X and distribution Linux Ubuntu . According to Mary-Jo Foley, a first preview of Threshold would be launched this fall. The opportunity to verify all information and see if Microsoft was able to hear his clients.

Windows, aka Threshold: an update on the new expected

Windows, aka Threshold: an update on the new expected

Microsoft is preparing to release a new version of Windows currently known as Threshold code. This new OS, due out next year, will have the difficult task of erasing the many flaws of Windows 8 which is struggling to attract individuals as well as professionals. The information distilled show that the finalization of this Windows 9 reflects the criticisms leveled at the current system.

One of the major complaints that users have with Windows 8 is the removal of the Start menu.  Microsoft has confirmed that he will return in the next version.  A first image of the new menu has appeared on the Internet a few weeks ago.  © My Digital Life

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Windows 8 may well be the operating system of the newest Microsoft (OS), it is not the most popular! According to the latest figures from NetMarketShare , Windows 8 and its update 8.1 cumulative 12.48% market share, far behind the ancestor Windows XP (24.82%) and Windows 7 (51.22%) which is supposed successor (remember that the end of support for Windows 7 is already programmed). Launched in October 2012, the new OS has attempted the challenge of change by removing the Start menu button and the famous Windows and offering two distinct environments.

The first, called modern interface (formerly Metro), is aimed at terminals touchscreen with applications specific presented a mosaic of windows called dynamic tiles . The second environment is the classic Windows desktop that Microsoft wanted to take second place by setting a default boot on modern interface. Result, Windows 8 has baffled users uncomfortable with having to juggle between these two worlds. Companies also shunned the new OS which was not sufficient to justify a transition from Windows 7 or from XP! A fiasco that is reminiscent of Windows Vista ... Sensing the danger, Microsoft has worked to make adjustments for the next version, the output is planned for 2015.

A higher than expected flow of micrometeorites at least 50 times

A video presentation of Gaia and its scientific mission. © euronews, YouTube

Before you really begin his harvest of observations that should last until 2019, astronomers and engineers were careful, of course, to check that all was well. However, they found minor disturbances. Despite his visor 10m diameter responsible for maintaining a steady temperature to avoid mechanical deformation may reduce the accuracy of measurements, a light parasite stronger than expected entered the instruments.

The telescope itself expands and contracts from tens of nanometers to more than expected. Finally, small amounts of water that were trapped in the machine before its launch are sublimated in the vacuum of space before condensing on the mirror , again in larger quantities we imagined. The mission itself is not compromised, but it should change the string of measures intended to make the necessary corrections and data taking was therefore postponed, therefore, a few months.

A higher than expected flow of micrometeorites at least 50 times
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A surprise was still to go. To achieve its mission, Gaia needs to be pointed very precisely in one direction, which means to know its rotation on itself. Micrometeorite impacts could bias the telescope pointing. Now, from experience with other instruments already joined the L2 Lagrange point , as Planck and Herschel, it was expected to flow micrometeorites impacting Gaia from 1 to 10 per day. Instead, the sensitivity of the instruments showed he was on the order of 500 per day!

According to astronomer Floor van Leeuwen , of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge (UK) and member of the responsible cooperation of Gaia, although the origin of these micrometeorites is not yet well established, they could come from a dust ring surrounding the Earth , more or less associated with the Lagrange points. His colleague Nigel Hambly, University of Edinburgh, even think he could be a remnant of the formation of the Earth and the Moon .  Whatever the cause, Gaia is now ready to begin his campaign observations.

Galactic Archaeology and dark matter

Gaia is also designed to identify exoplanets . We think we can make a complete inventory of body type Jupiter in orbit around 200,000 stars closest to the Sun, up from 150 to 200 parsecs and detect thousands of planetary systems by measuring the movements of their star guests . It will also be possible to detect transits planetary photometrically.

With nearly a billion pixels, Gaia features the largest digital camera ever flown in space. The satellite rotates slowly on itself, once every six hours, scanning the sky with both telescopes. It will measure the positions and velocities of distant billion stars in the Milky Way, 30,000 light years away. © Esa, YouTube

Galactic Archaeology and dark matter
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Which probably most fascinates astronomers and astrophysicists, is the possibility of the galactic archeology and attempt to better understand the nature of dark matter or disprove its existence directing us to change laws gravitation through Mond.

Indeed, Gaia must measure the positions and velocities of a billion stars in the Milky Way by performing a complete survey of the sky up to magnitude  20. In the same way that a sufficiently accurate throes of the water surface in a pool measure can tell us who jumped, where, when and what side it will be possible to go back in time to experience a part of the history of our Galaxy . How was it formed in accreting matter, such as the dwarf galaxies or current tide of stars torn from previous interactions with larger galaxies. This is one of the questions we hope to answer.

Will it has a dust ring around the Earth?

Will it has a dust ring around the Earth?

The Gaia spacecraft is ready to begin its observations in orbit around the country Lagrange point L2, despite some unforeseen inconveniences which resulted in a delay of a few months. Intended for galactic archeology, she maybe we already revealed a secret history of the solar system. Hit by a number of higher than expected micrometeorites, Gaia could be plunged into a dust ring that surrounds the Earth.

On 08/08/2014 at 11:22 - By Laurent Sacco, Futura-Sciences
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An artist of the observatory Gaia in his post for the L2 Lagrange point, 1.5 million km from Earth.  For at least five years, this instrument of space astrometry observed carefully over one billion objects in the Milky Way, shown here in the background.  © Esa

Launched December 19, 2013 by a rocket Soyuz from Kourou in French Guiana, Gaia began his journey to the Lagrange point  L2. With this instrument mainly dedicated to astrometry, a wide variety of results are expected. It can be used to conduct new tests of metric theories of gravitation , as that of general relativity by studying the deflection of light by the gravitational field of the Sun and planets in the Solar System .  can also detect secular variations in the gravitational constant .

Photovoltaic solar energy, how does it work?

This new track brings another benefit: lower cost of manufacture. While solar cells are often made ​​of materials whose manufacture requires a lot of energy (including with silicon), the use of perovskite (a mineral abundant on Earth ) to require much less.

Photovoltaic solar energy, how does it work? Explanations of Jamy Gourmaud. © EDF Energies Nouvelles Spread
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The cells would apply by a method akin to painting a car or graphics printing: the sprayers into several layers. The waste would be minimized. The concept could be easily adapted to mass production and become more accessible.

By replacing the layer absorption of light , essential to any photovoltaic cell , a perovskite form of paint spray, the researchers also improved energy efficiency. "The best yields of organic cells are around 10%. The perovskite cells now have an efficiency of up to 19%. This is not far behind at 25% silicon, the material that dominates the global solar market," says Professor David Lidzey, principal investigator on the project.